1University of Naples Parthenope, Department of Science and Technology, Naples, Italy
Anabolic Steroid use in Sports and in Physical Activity: Overview and Analysis
Sport Mont 2018, 16(3), 113-118 | DOI: 10.26773/smj.181020
Abstract
Anabolic steroids,commonly referred to as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), are a family of hormones that comprises testosterone. Exposure to these substances can result in damage to human health, such as liver cancer, and to the environment. This class of doping substances cause an extensive increase in the muscular massandis being used to improve athletic performance. Athletes are still using them to increase physical performance and bodybuilders are using them to improve size and cosmetic appearance. For performance enhancing use, these substances generally used without interruption and during several weeks preceding a competition. The preferred method is “piling up” oral ingestion and injections.This type of treatment has been used in sport medicine to manage a variety of joint, tendon and soft tissue injuries.The long-term side effects of anabolic steroids are severe and will depend on dosage and duration. In particular, early death from cardiovascular disease, sterility in men and, in women, masculinization and possible irreversible effects constitute the most serious dangers. More recently, studies have suggested that psychological and behavioral changes and addiction may result from chronic anabolic steroid abuse. AAS were the first identified doping agents that have ergogenic effects and are on the International Olympic Committee’s list of banned substances. This paper identify a) AAS increasing represent only one of many different classes of agents it is important to used by recreational bodybuilders and by athletes in the 21st century b) their side effects c) their effects on sports performance c) phenomenon of polypharmacy.
Keywords
anabolic androgenic steroid, sport, testosterone, doping, educational programme
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